Mercedes Subhani

On June 2, 2025, the Texas Legislature passed the Texas Responsible Artificial Intelligence Governance Act (TRAIGA); it is now awaiting the governor's signature. If enacted as written, TRAIGA will regulate the use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for all individuals and businesses promoting, advertising, or conducting business in Texas, and those developing or deploying AI systems in the state. Additionally, TRAIGA would establish restrictions for developers, deployers and distributors of AI, and civil penalties for infractions. The Texas Attorney General would have sole enforcement authority under TRAIGA, but state agencies are permitted to impose sanctions under specific circumstances. TRAIGA is expected to be signed by the governor and take effect on January 1, 2026.

On May 6, 2025, the California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) announced an enforcement action against clothing designer Todd Snyder, Inc. to pay a fine of USD 345,178 and adopt new practices to resolve violations of the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). The CPPA alleged that the retailer violated the CCPA by: (i) imposing excessive hurdles for consumer requests to opt out of third-party tracking technologies; (ii) failing to honor these requests because of misconfigurations; and (iii) failing to monitor its consent management platform.

The US Artificial Intelligence Safety Institute (AISI), housed within the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), announced on 20 November 2024 the release of its first synthetic content guidance report, NIST AI 100 4 Reducing Risks Posed by Synthetic Content: An Overview of Technical Approaches to Digital Content Transparency ("NIST AI 100 4"). "Synthetic content" is defined in President Biden's Executive Order on Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy AI ("EO 14110") as "information, such as images, videos, audio clips, and text, that has been significantly altered or generated by algorithms, including by AI."

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